The Theory of Contrastive Interpretation and Knowing the Existence: The Story of Moses with Al-Khidr as a Starting Point

      يقِّدم هذا المقال رؤيةً فلسفية موسَّعة لمنهجية "التأويل التقابلي" التي رسمنا معالمها في أعمالنا السابقة؛ ويستعرِض باختصار الأسسَ المعرفيةَ والمرجعية لدراسة الخطابات تقابليا، والمفاهيمَ المركزية المعتمدةَ في منظورنا التحليلي والتأويلي للخطاب؛ ولذلك فهو يمنح القارئ صورة شمولية عن مسار متكامل من التطوير والتهذيب المنهجيين، ويمنحه فرصة لتتبع تحليل تقابلي دقيق ومُعمق لآيات كريمة من سورة "الكهف".       تهدف تأويلية التقابل في مطمحها الوجودي إلى ربط الخطابات بوجودنا الكوني، وبحقيقة حضورنا في هذا العالَم، ومن ثمة فليس الغرض هو التعجب مما حدث لموسى مع الخَضِر، ومما حدث للنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم  مع المشركين، ولا من قدرات المحلِّل في تحليله للبُنى المتقابلة، وبيان العلاقات، وبناء الدلالات؛ بل تعزيز فلسفة "النظرية التقابلية" بربط الخطابات بحقيقة وجودنا، وتقوية منظورنا بالتموضع المناسب الدال على أننا معنيون بالخطاب في كل صغيرة وكبيرة، وأن المعاني التي يفضي إليها كل جهد تـأويلي، لا تكتمل إلا بتحويلها إلى فعل مؤثر في المعرفة والوجود .This article provides an expanded philosophical vision of the "Contrastive interpretation" methodology we created in our previous books. It briefly reviews the knowledge and reference bases for the study of Contrastive sense and the central concepts adopted in our analytical perspective of the discourses ; It gives the reader a holistic view of an integrated course of systematic development and discipline, and gives him the opportunity to follow an accurate and in-depth interpretation of the precious signs of the Alkahf 's Surah. The purpose of the Contrastive interpretation is to link the discourses with our universal existence, and in fact our presence in this world, it is not to wonder what happened to Moses with Alkhadir, what happened to the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, with the polytheists, or the ability of the analyst in his interpretive maneuvers to be able to opposite structures, relations and indications. It is to strengthen the philosophy of theory by linking discourses to the reality of our presence in this world. the meanings of every interpretation effort are complete only by transforming it into an effective act of knowledge and existence

IL-10 correlates with the expression of carboxypeptidase B2 and lymphovascular invasion in inflammatory breast cancer: The potential role of tumor infiltrated macrophages

Pro-carboxypeptidase B2 (pro-CPB2) or thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a glycoprotein encoded by the CPB2 gene and deregulated in several cancer types, including breast cancer. Thrombin binding to thrombomodulin (TM), encoded by THBD, is important for TAFI activation. CPB2 gene expression is influenced by genetic polymorphism and cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10). Our previous results showed that tumor infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (CD14+/CD16+) isolated from inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients’ secrete high levels of IL-10. The aim of the present study is to test genetic polymorphism and expression of CPB2 in healthy breast tissues and carcinoma tissues of non-IBC and IBC patients. Furthermore, to investigate whether IL-10 modulates the expression of CPB2 and THBD in vivo and in-vitro. We tested CPB2 Thr325Ile polymorphism using restriction fragment length polymorphism, (RFLP) technique in healthy and carcinoma breast tissues. The mRNA expression of CPB2, THBD and IL10 were assessed by RT-qPCR. Infiltration of CD14+ cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we investigated the correlation between infiltration of CD14+ cells and expression of IL10 and CPB2. Furthermore, we correlated IL10 expression with the expression of both CPB2 and THBD in breast carcinoma tissues. Finally, we validated the role of recombinant IL-10 in regulating the expression of CPB2 and THBD using different breast cancer cell lines. Our results showed that CPB2 genotypes carrying the high-risk allele [Thr/Ile (CT) and Ile/Ile (TT)] were more frequent in both IBC and non-IBC patients compared to control group. CPB2 genotypes did not show any statistical correlation with CPB2 mRNA expression levels or patients’ clinical pathological properties. Interestingly, CPB2 and IL10 expression were significantly higher and positively correlated with the incidence of CD14+ cells in carcinoma tissues of IBC as compared to non-IBC. On the other hand, THBD expression was significantly lower in IBC carcinoma versus non-IBC tissues. Based on molecular subtypes, CPB2 and IL10 expression were significantly higher in triple negative (TN) as compared to hormonal positive (HP) carcinoma tissues of IBC. Moreover, CPB2 expression was positively correlated with presence of lymphovascular invasion and the expression of IL10 in carcinoma tissues of IBC patients. Furthermore, recombinant human IL-10 stimulated CPB2 expression in SUM-149 (IBC cell line) but not in MDA-MB-231 (non-IBC cell line), while there was no significant effect THBD expression. In conclusion, carcinoma tissues of IBC patients are characterized by higher expression of CPB2 and lower expression of THBD. Moreover, CPB2 positively correlates with IL10 mRNA expression, incidence of CD14+ cells and lymphovascular invasion in IBC patients. IL-10 stimulated CPB2 expression in TN-IBC cell line suggests a relevant role of CPB2 in the aggressive phenotype of IBC

Ex-vivo ureteroscopy for the treatment of nephrolithiasis in a deceased donor kidney prior to transplantation

Background: There are over 100,000 adult patients awaiting renal transplantation in the United States, with less than 25% who undergo eventual transplantation [1]. This disparity has motivated providers to seek ways to increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation. Historically, the presence of kidney stones in a renal allograft was a relative contraindication for renal transplantation [2]. Ex-vivo ureteroscopy, or, “back-table ureteroscopy”, is a technique which has been employed as a potential solution to increase the total number of available kidneys which were initially deemed ineligible [3,4]. Objective: To demonstrate our step by step technique for ex-vivo ureteroscopy and to demonstrate its safety and efficacy as a method of stone removal prior to transplantation. Methods: Following procurement and back table preparation of the donor kidney by the transplant surgery team, the kidney was replaced in an ice bath for ex-vivo ureteroscopy. A combination of holmium laser lithotripsy and stone basketing were used to extract the stone. Following complete removal of the renal calculus, the renal allograft was reprepared and the renal transplantation was carried forth in the standard fashion by the transplant surgery team. Results: The total operative time for the ex-vivo ureteroscopy was 70 min. No intra-operative complications were identified during ex-vivo ureteroscopy or during allograft transplantation. Six months following transplantation, the patients renal function remains normal. Conclusions: Ex-Vivo ureteroscopy can be a safe and effective treatment for the management of renal stones prior to transplantation. This method can be used with existing resources to increase the number of donor kidneys available for transplantation each year

In Silico Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in Human β-Globin Gene

Single amino acid substitutions in the globin chain are the most common forms of genetic variations that produce hemoglobinopathies- the most widespread inherited disorders worldwide. Several hemoglobinopathies result from homozygosity or compound heterozygosity to beta-globin (HBB) gene mutations, such as that producing sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), HbC, HbD and HbE. Several of these mutations are deleterious and result in moderate to severe hemolytic anemia, with associated complications, requiring lifelong care and management. Even though many hemoglobinopathies result from single amino acid changes producing similar structural abnormalities, there are functional differences in the generated variants. Using in silico methods, we examined the genetic variations that can alter the expression and function of the HBB gene. Using a sequence homology-based Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) server we have searched for the SNPs, which showed that 200 (80%) non-synonymous polymorphism were found to be deleterious. The structure-based method via PolyPhen server indicated that 135 (40%) non-synonymous polymorphism may modify protein function and structure. The Pupa Suite software showed that the SNPs will have a phenotypic consequence on the structure and function of the altered protein. Structure analysis was performed on the key mutations that occur in the native protein coded by the HBB gene that causes hemoglobinopathies such as: HbC (E→K), HbD (E→Q), HbE (E→K) and HbS (E→V). Atomic Non-Local Environment Assessment (ANOLEA), Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application (YASARA), CHARMM-GUI webserver for macromolecular dynamics and mechanics, and Normal Mode Analysis, Deformation and Refinement (NOMAD-Ref) of Gromacs server were used to perform molecular dynamics simulations and energy minimization calculations on β-Chain residue of the HBB gene before and after mutation. Furthermore, in the native and altered protein models, amino acid residues were determined and secondary structures were observed for solvent accessibility to confirm the protein stability. The functional study in this investigation may be a good model for additional future studies

Recognition of off-line printed Arabic text using Hidden Markov Models.

yesThis paper describes a technique for automatic recognition of off-line printed Arabic text using Hidden Markov Models. In this work different sizes of overlapping and non-overlapping hierarchical windows are used to generate 16 features from each vertical sliding strip. Eight different Arabic fonts were used for testing (viz. Arial, Tahoma, Akhbar, Thuluth, Naskh, Simplified Arabic, Andalus, and Traditional Arabic). It was experimentally proven that different fonts have their highest recognition rates at different numbers of states (5 or 7) and codebook sizes (128 or 256). Arabic text is cursive, and each character may have up to four different shapes based on its location in a word. This research work considered each shape as a different class, resulting in a total of 126 classes (compared to 28 Arabic letters). The achieved average recognition rates were between 98.08% and 99.89% for the eight experimental fonts. The main contributions of this work are the novel hierarchical sliding window technique using only 16 features for each sliding window, considering each shape of Arabic characters as a separate class, bypassing the need for segmenting Arabic text, and its applicability to other languages

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries